![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ( The Anatomy of Fascism, 2004)Īlong similar lines, Griffin favors a shorter working definition: “Fascism is a genus of political ideology whose mythic core in its various permutations is a palingenetic form of populist ultranationalism” (2018). Robert Paxton describes fascism as:Ī form of political behavior marked by obsessive preoccupation with community decline, humiliation, or victimhood and by compensatory cults of unity, energy, and purity, in which a mass-based party of committed nationalist militants, working in uneasy but effective collaboration with traditional elites, abandons democratic liberties and pursues with redemptive violence and without ethical or legal restraints goals of internal cleansing and external expansion. Key examples include the totalitarian dictatorships of Hitler and Mussolini, which controlled the lives of citizens, restricted democratic institutions, and violently suppressed any form of dissent. ![]() Roughly speaking, fascism is generally understood as a far-right, authoritarian, anti-democratic, ultranationalist political ideology. With these conceptual caveats in place, then, what does “fascism” refer to in general? Although a perfect definition may be out of reach, what are the basic fundamental characteristics of fascism that are widely agreed upon? ![]()
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